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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク History of union busting in the United States ： ウィキペディア英語版 History of union busting in the United States The history of union busting in the United States dates back to the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century which produced a rapid expansion in factories and manufacturing capabilities. As workers moved away from farm work to factories, mines and other hard labor, they faced harsh working conditions such as long hours, low pay and health risks. Children and women worked in factories and generally received lower pay than men. The government did little to limit these injustices. Labor movements in the industrialized world developed that lobbied for better rights and safer conditions. Shaped by wars, depressions, government policies, judicial rulings, and global competition, the early years of the battleground between unions and management were adversarial and often identified with aggressive hostility. Contemporary opposition to trade unions known as union busting started in the 1940s and continues to present challenges to the labor movement. Union busting is a term used by labor organizations and trade unions to describe the activities that may be undertaken by employers, their proxies, workers and in certain instances states and governments usually triggered by events such as picketing, card check, worker organizing, and strike actions.〔http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5604656〕 Labor legislation has changed the nature of union busting, as well as the organizing tactics that labor organizations commonly use. == Strike breaking and union busting, 1890s-1935 == Hiring agencies specialising in anti-union practices has been an option available to employers from the bloody strikes of the last quarter of the nineteenth century, until today.〔''From Blackjacks To Briefcases — A History of Commercialized Strikebreaking and Unionbusting in the United States'', Robert Michael Smith, 2003, page xiv.〕 Creative methods of union busting have been around for a long time. In 1907, Morris Friedman reported that a Pinkerton agent who had infiltrated the Western Federation of Miners managed to gain control of a strike relief fund, and attempted to exhaust that union's treasury by awarding lavish benefits to strikers.〔''The Autobiography of Big Bill Haywood'', William D. Haywood, 1929, pages 157-58.〕 However, many attacks against unions have used force of one sort or another, including police action, military force, or recruiting goon squads. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「History of union busting in the United States」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.